Under which circumstance might concealment void a contract?

Concealment can void a contract when a material fact is purposefully hidden. In the context of title insurance and real estate transactions, material facts are those that could influence the decision of the other party involved in the contract. If one party knowingly conceals a significant fact—such as an existing lien on a property or previous claims against the title—it undermines the trust and transparency required in contractual agreements. This purposeful hiding of important information can be considered a form of fraud, leading to the possibility of voiding the contract because the uninformed party was misled, thereby impacting their rights and obligations under the agreement.

The other circumstances presented do not involve significant or impactful actions related to concealment. For example, concealing a fact of no consequence does not affect the validity of the contract, and filing a claim according to procedure does not relate to the significance of hidden information. Similarly, the negotiation of terms is a standard part of contract formation and does not inherently involve concealment that would void the agreement.